INTERNAL MEDICINE
Table of Contents
- Course Overview
- Course Description
- Course Objectives
- Clinical skills training – Guidelines by AAMC
- Linkage with XUSOM educational objectives
- Overall curriculum
- Learning resources
1. COURSE OVERVIEW:
COURSE |
Internal Medicine Core Rotation |
LENGTH |
12 weeks |
SUPERVISING FACULTY | Dr. Ravi Gupta, Chair of Internal Medicine Dr. Richard Pestell, Dean of Clinical Sciences |
MAJOR HOSPITAL SITES |
Long Island Community Hospital, Patchogue, NY Wyckoff Heights Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY Mercy Medical Center, Rockville Center, NY St. Agnes Hospital, Baltimore, MD Northwest Hospital, Randallstown, MD Jackson Park Hospital, Chicago, NY |
METHODS OF EVALUATION |
Attendance |
GRADING |
75% - Preceptor Evaluation 10% - Clinical Logs 5% - Attendance Notes: A minimum passing grade on each area listed above is required to receive a final grade. No grade will be given until complete clinical logs and multimedia assignments have been completed and submitted |
On-call |
No more than two nights per week and three weekends |
Note: See the XUSOM Academic Policies and Procedures Manual for students for information on overall academic and financial policies governing all rotations.
INTERNAL MEDICINE CORE ROTATION
2. COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This course is designed to develop the students' logical approach to the diagnosis and treatment of the patient's complaint. This involves obtaining a complete history, eliciting and assessing information from the patient, performing a competent physical examination, and formulating a differential diagnosis list in order of probability with a diagnostic and management plan. The student then, follows a patient through diagnostic studies and therapy. In addition, the student learns effective communication with patients and with medical, nursing, and other ancillary staff. Each student is required to perform a thorough history and physical examination on a number of patients as presented below in the “guidelines”. These patients may be presented at work rounds or faculty rounds and should be followed throughout their hospital stay. These cases form the basis for reading about etiology, pathology, complications and treatment of problems in internal medicine. In this way a large amount of experienced- based knowledge will be accumulated by the end of the rotation.
This course will be taught through a series of lectures, group discussions, observation, Grand Rounds, clinical/hospital interaction, assignments, and case studies under the direction of the doctors and/or senior residents at the hospital, clinic, or private office. Students will further demonstrate knowledge of the core through completion of case studies and assignments as determined by the doctors and/or senior residents.
3. COURSE OBJECTIVES:
Upon successful completion of this course the student should be able to:
- Undertake an adequate, complete and relevant medical history including the identification of the possible relationships or independence of signs and symptoms to each other;
- Undertake an adequate, complete and relevant medical physical examination including the identification of possible relationships or independence of signs and symptoms to each other;
- Synthesize the data gathered in the history and physical examination into a rational differential diagnosis;
- Describe the mechanisms of disease and pathology of commonly observed medical diseases in the adolescent and adult population;
- Outline the relevance and indication for interpretation of major laboratory tests in commonly diagnosed medical diseases;
- Understand the mechanisms of actions, toxicity, and proper use of the major pharmacological agents used in Internal Medicine.
- Be able to describe [including complications] and undertake [where possible] common procedures such as venipuncture, lumbar puncture, thoracentesis, arterial puncture, insertion of intravenous lines, and urinary bladder catheterization;
- Appreciate and conduct oneself in a professional and compassionate doctor/patient relationship including communication of the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of diseases diagnosed;
- Begin to develop an appreciation of the greater scope of medical practice within the community, state and nation.
4. OBJECTIVES OF CLINICAL SKILLS TRAINING (MODIFIED AND ADOPTED FROM ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGE (AAMC) GUIDELINES FOR UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL EDUCATION (UME):
- The ability to understand the nature of, and demonstrate professional and ethical behavior in, the act of medical care. This includes respect, responsibility and accountability, excellence and scholarship, honor and integrity, altruism, leadership, cultural competency, caring and compassion, and confidentiality.
- The ability to engage and communicate with a patient, develops a student-patient relationship, and communicate with others in the professional setting, using interpersonal skills to build relationships
- For the purpose of information gathering, guidance, education, support and collaboration.
- The ability to apply scientific knowledge and method to clinical problem solving.
- The ability to take a clinical history, both focused and comprehensive.
- The ability to perform a mental and physical examination;
- The ability to select, justify and interpret selected clinical tests and imaging;
- The ability to understand and perform a variety of basic clinical procedures;
- The ability to record, present, research, critique and manage clinical information.
- The ability to diagnose and explain clinical problems in terms of pathogenesis, to develop basic differential diagnosis, and to learn and demonstrate clinical reasoning and problem identification;
- The ability to understand and select clinical interventions in the natural history of disease, including basic preventive, curative and palliative strategies
- The ability to understand and to formulate a prognosis about the future events of an individual’s health and illness based upon an understanding of the patient, the natural history of disease, and upon known intervention alternatives.
5. LINKAGE WITH THE EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES OF XUSOM:
XUSOM Educational objective |
Course objectives |
Learning methods |
Assessment methods |
The Science and Practice Of Medicine
|
|
Lectures Group discussions Assignments Case studies |
Preceptor Evaluation Multimedia assignments On-call evaluation |
Clinical Competence
|
|
Lectures Group discussions Observation Grand rounds Clinical/hospital interaction, Assignments Case studies |
Preceptor Evaluation Log books Multimedia assignments On-call evaluation |
The Social Context Of Medicine
|
|
Lectures Group discussions Observation Clinical/hospital interaction, Assignments Case studies |
Preceptor Evaluation Log books Multimedia assignments On-call evaluation |
Communication
|
|
Lectures Observation Grand rounds Clinical/hospital interaction, Case studies |
Preceptor Evaluation Log books Multimedia assignments On-call evaluation |
Professionalism
|
|
Lectures Group discussions Observation Grand rounds Clinical/hospital interaction, Assignments Case studies |
Preceptor Evaluation Log books Multimedia assignments On-call evaluation |
Lifelong Learning
|
|
Lectures Group discussions Observation Grand rounds Clinical/hospital interaction, Assignments Case studies |
Preceptor Evaluation Log books Multimedia assignments On-call evaluation |
6. OVERALL CURRICULUM:
Note to the student:
- This is a suggested weekly curriculum.
- By the end of the rotation, the student should have covered all topics listed, and completed all assignments.
- The individual preceptor, based on scheduling, patient population and other factors may alter the order of the topics or assignments.
- At the end of week 3, 6 and 9, the student should request a formal feedback session from the preceptor on their progress.
- At the end of week 10, or beginning of week 11, the student should ensure that the Comprehensive Examination has been scheduled.
Week One:
Introduction to the Internal Medicine Patient:
- Approach to history and physical examination
Allergy and Immunology:
- Polymyositis, Serum Sickness,
- Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Dermatology:
- Dermatitis,
- Atopic-Dermatitis,
- Contact-Dermatitis,
- Exfoliative Erythema Multiform,
- Granuloma Annulare
- Pyogenic Hidradenitis Suppurativa,
- Molluscum Contagiosum,
- Pityriasis Alba
- Pityriasis Rosea,
- Psoriasis,
- Urticaria,
- Warts-Genital, Warts-Plantar
Assignments– Week1
Harrison- Part1, Sections1,3,4,10,11,18;70.71.72,73,74,75,76e;
Part 15 - all chapters [372e – 398]
SIMPLE - Case 17: 28-year-old male with rash - Mr. Moeller
SIMPLE - Case 32: 39-year-old woman with joint pain - Ms. Dickerson
Week Two:
Cardiovascular:
- Aneurysms Abdominal,
- Angina,
- Aortic Regurgitation,
- Aortic Stenosis
- Atrial Fibrillation, Atrial Flutter,
- Cardiomyopathy Dilated,
- Cardiomyopathy Restrictive,
- Congestive Heart Failure
- Pulmonary Edema,
- Deep Venous Thrombosis and
- Thrombophlebitis,
- Dissection-Aortic,
- Dissection-Carotid Artery,
- Dissection-Vertebral Artery,
- Heart Block-First Degree,
- Heart Block- Second Degree,
- Heart Block-Third Degree,
- Hypertensive Emergencies,
- Mesenteric Ischemia,
- Mitral Regurgitation,
- Mitral Stenosis,
- Mitral Valve Prolapse,
- Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia,
- Myocardial Infarction,
- Myocarditis,
- Cardiac Myopathies,
- Pericarditis and Cardiac Tamponade,
- Peripheral Vascular Disease,
- Pulmonary Embolism,
- Shock-Cardiogenic,
- Thoracic Outlet Syndrome,
- Thrombophlebitis,
- Transplants-Heart,
- Ultrasonography, Cardiac,
- Venous Air Embolism,
- Ventricular Fibrillation,
- Ventricular Tachycardia
Assignments– Week 2
Harrison - 19, 27, 29, 47e. 48, 49, 50, 51e, 52, 264, 266e,
Part 10 - Cardiovascular, Sections 2, 3, 4, 5 - all chapters
SIMPLE - Case 1: 49-year-old man with chest pain - Mr. Monson
SIMPLE - Case 2: 60-year-old woman with episodic chest discomfort - Ms. Johnston
SIMPLE - Case 3: 54-year-old woman with syncope - Mrs. Koda
Week Three:
Ear, Nose, and Throat:
- Dental-Avulsed Tooth,
- Dental-Displaced Tooth,
- Dental-Fractured Tooth,
- Dental-Infections,
- Epiglottitis,
- Adult-Epistaxis,
- Foreign Bodies-Ear,
- Foreign Bodies-Nose,
- Foreign Bodies-Trachea,
- Gingivitis, Otitis Externa, Otitis Media, Perilymph Fistula,
- Peritonsillar Abscess
- Pharyngitis,
- Retropharyngeal Abscess,
- Sinusitis
Assignments – Week 3
Harrison - Part 2, Section 4 - eyes, Ears, Nose, Throat - all chapters [39-46e]
SIMPLE - Case 4: 67-year-old woman with shortness of breath and leg swelling -Mrs. Rivers
SIMPLE - Case 5: 55-year-old man with fatigue - Mr. Kish
SIMPLE - Case 6: 45-year-old man with hypertension - Mr. Hicks
SIMPLE - Case 7: 28-year-old woman with lightheadedness - Ms. Williams
Week Four:
Endocrine and Metabolic:
- Adrenal Insufficiency and Adrenal Crisis,
- Alcoholic Ketoacidosis,
- Cushing Syndrome,
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - A Review;
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - A Review;
- Diabetic Ketoacidosis,
- Hypercalcemia
- Hyperthyroidism,
- Thyroid Storm and Graves' Disease
- Hypocalcemia
- Hypoglycemia
- Hypokalemia
- Hypomagnesemia
- Hyponatremia
- Hypoparathyroidism Hypophosphatemia
Assignments – Week 4
Harrison - Part 16 - all chapters [399 – 436e]
SIMPLE - Case 8: 55-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus - Mr. Morales
SIMPLE - Case 16: 45-year-old man with obesity - Mr. James
Week Five:
Pulmonary:
- Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome,
- Asthma,
- Bronchitis,
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
- Emphysema,
- Pleural Effusion,
- Pneumonia-Aspiration,
- Pneumonia-Bacterial,
- Pneumonia-Empyema and Abscess,
- Pneumonia-Immunocompromised,
- Pneumonia-Mycoplasma,
- Pneumonia-Viral,
- Pneumothorax, Iatrogenic, Spontaneous,
- Pneumomediastinum,
- Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult
- Transplants-Lung
Rheumatology:
- Arthritis-Rheumatoid,
- Costochondritis,
- Gout and Pseudogout,
- Polymyalgia Rheumatica,
- Reiter Syndrome,
- Rheumatic Fever,
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus,
- Temporal Arteritis,
- Temperomandibular Joint Syndrome
- Tendonitis,
- Tenosynovitis
Assignments – Week 5
Harrison - 47e, 48, 49;
Part 11 - all chapters [305 – 320e];
Part 15 - all chapters [372e – 398]
SIMPLE - Case 13: 65-year-old woman seen for annual physical - Mrs. Thompson
SIMPLE - Case 14: 18-year-old woman seen for a pre-college physical - Ms. Pham
SIMPLE - Case 15: 50-year-old man with cough and nasal congestion - Mr. Taleb
SIMPLE - Case 30: 55-year-old woman with left leg swelling - Ms. Bond
Week Six:
Gastrointestinal:
- Abdominal Pain in Elderly Persons,
- Anal Fistulas and Fissures,
- Appendicitis- Acute,
- Bowel Obstruction-Large,
- Bowel Obstruction-Small,
- Cholecystitis and Biliary Colic,
- Cholelithiasis,
- Constipation,
- Disk Battery Ingestion,
- Diverticular Disease,
- Esophageal Perforation, Rupture and Tears,
- Esophagitis,
- Foreign Bodies-Gastrointestinal,
- Foreign Bodies-Rectum,
- Gastritis and Peptic Ulcer Disease,
- Gastroenteritis,
- Hemorrhoids,
- Hepatitis,
- Hernias,
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease,
- Pancreatitis,
- Perirectal Abscess,
- Proctitis,
- Rectal Prolapse,
- Transplants-Liver,
- Ultrasonography-Abdominal
Assignments – Week 6
Harrison - 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59;
Part 6 - all chapters [95e-98e];
Part 14 - all chapters [344 – 371]
SIMPLE - Case 9: 55-year-old woman with upper abdominal pain and vomiting - Mrs. Turner
SIMPLE - Case 10: 48-year-old woman with diarrhea and dizziness - Ms. Blake
SIMPLE - Case 11: 45-year-old man with abnormal LFTs - Mr. Chapman (formerly case 11a)
SIMPLE - Case 12: 55-year-old man with lower abdominal pain - Mr. Wilson
Week Seven:
Genitourinary:
- Balanitis,
- Bartholin Gland Diseases,
- Epididymitis,
- Fournier Gangrene,
- Hydrocele,
- Phimosis and Paraphimosis,
- Priapism,
- Renal Calculi,
- Renal Failure-Acute,
- Renal Failure-Chronic and Dialysis Complications,
- Testicular Torsion,
- Torsion of the Appendix and Epididymis,
- Transplants-Renal,
- Urethritis-Male,
- Urinary incontinence,
- Urinary Obstruction,
- Urinary Tract Infection-Female, Urinary Tract Infection-Male
Hematology and Oncology:
- Anemia-Acute,
- Anemia-Chronic,
- Anemia-Sickle Cell,
- Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation,
- Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome,
- Hemophilia-Type A,
- Hemophilia-Type B,
- Hyperviscosity Syndrome,
- Neoplasms-Brain & Spinal Cord
- Neoplasms-Lung,
- Neoplasms – Gastrointestinal tract
- Neoplasms – Breast
- Neoplasms- Genitourinary tract,
- Neoplasms – Sarcomas
- Neoplasms - Skin
- Transfusion Reactions
Assignments – Week 7
Harrison - 60e, 61, 62e, 63, 64e, 65, 66;
Part 7 - all chapters [99 – 143];
Part 13 - all chapters [332e – 343]
SIMPLE - Case 19: 42-year-old woman with anemia - Ms. Winters
SIMPLE - Case 28: 70-year-old man with shortness of breath and leg swelling - Mr. Honig
Week Eight:
Infectious Diseases:
- Body Fluid Exposures,
- Brain Abscess,
- Breast Abscess and Masses,
- Candidiasis,
- Cat scratch Disease,
- Cellulitis,
- Chlamydia,
- Cysticercosis,
- Diphtheria,
- Endocarditis,
- Epidural and Subdural Infections,
- Gas Gangrene,
- Gonorrhea,
- HIV Infection and AIDS,
- Hand Infections,
- Hantavirus
- Cardiopulmonary Syndrome,
- Herpes Simplex,
- Hookworm,
- Impetigo,
- Legionnaire Disease,
- Lice,
- Lymphogranuloma Venereum
- Malaria,
- Meningitis,
- Mononucleosis,
- Mumps,
- Needle-stick Guideline,
- Orbital Infections,
- Osteomyelitis,
- Pediculosis,
- Pilonidal Cyst and Sinus,
- Pinworms,
- Prostatitis,
- Rabies,
- Salmonella Infection,
- Scabies,
- Scarlet Fever,
- Shock-Septic,
- Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis,
- Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome,
- Syphilis,
- Tapeworm Infestation,
- Tetanus,
- Thrombophlebitis-Septic,
- Tick-Borne Diseases,
- Lyme,
- Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever,
- Toxic Shock Syndrome,
- Toxoplasmosis,
- Trichinosis,
- Trichomoniasis,
- Trichuris ,
- Tuberculosis,
- Yellow Fever
Assignments – Week 8
Harrison - Part 8, all chapters [144 – 260]
SIMPLE - Case 20: 48-year-old woman with HIV - Ms. Hunt
SIMPLE - Case 21: 78-year-old man with fever, lethargy and anorexia - Mr. Ramirez
SIMPLE - Case 22: 71-year-old man with cough and fatigue - Mr. Groszek
SIMPLE - Case 29: 55 year-old woman with fever and chills
Week Nine:
- Neurology:
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis,
- Bell Palsy,
- Benign Positional Vertigo,
- Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis,
- Central Vertigo,
- Delirium,
- Dementia and Amnesia,
- Encephalitis,
- Guillain-Barre Syndrome,
- Headache-Cluster,
- Headache-Migraine,
- Headache-Tension,
- Herpes Simplex
- Encephalitis
- Huntington Chorea,
- Meniere Disease,
- Multiple Sclerosis,
- Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy,
- Spinal Cord Infections,
- Spinal Cord Injuries,
- Stroke-Hemorrhagic,
- Stroke-Ischemic,
- Subarachnoid Hemorrhage,
- Transient Ischemic Attack,
- Vertebrobasilar Atherothrombotic Disease,
- Vestibular Neuronitis,
- Wernicke Encephalopathy
Assignments – Week 9
Harrison - 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33e, 34, 35, 36, 37e, 38;
Part 17 – all chapters [437 – 464e]
SIMPLE - Case 18: 75-year-old man with memory problems - Mr. Caldwell
SIMPLE - Case 23: 54-year-old woman with fatigue - Ms. Torres
SIMPLE - Case 24: 52-year-old female with headache, vomiting, and fever - Mrs. Cole
Week Ten:
Ophthalmology:
- Acute Compressive Optic Neuropathy,
- Burns-Ocular,
- Cataracts,
- Chalazion,
- Conjunctivitis,
- Corneal Abrasion,
- Corneal Laceration,
- Corneal Ulceration and Ulcerative Keratitis,
- Endophthalmitis,
- Glaucoma,
- Acute Angle-Closure,
- Globe Rupture,
- Hordeolum and Stye,
- Iritis and Uveitis,
- Periorbital Infections,
- Retinal Artery Occlusion,
- Retinal Detachment
- Retinal Vein Occlusion,
- Ultraviolet Keratitis,
- Vitreous Hemorrhage
Assignments – Week 10
Harrison
SIMPLE - Case 33: 49-year-old woman with confusion - Mrs. Baxter
SIMPLE - Case 35: 35-year-old female with three weeks of fever - Ms. Jankowski
SIMPLE - Case 36: 45-year-old man with ascites – Mr. Berlusconi (formerly case 11b)
Students catch up on reading from prior weeks
Week Eleven:
Toxicology:
- Methemoglobinemia,
- Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome,
- Plant Poisoning, Alkaloids - Tropane,
- Plant Poisoning, Glycosides - Cardiac,
- Plant Poisoning, Hemlock,
- Plant Poisoning, Herbs,
- Plant Poisoning, Hypoglycemics,
- Plant Poisoning. Resins,
- Plant Poisoning, Toxicodendron,
- Toxicity-Acetaminophen,
- Toxicity-Alcohols ,
- Toxicity-Ammonia,
- Toxicity-Amphetamine,
- Toxicity, Antidepressant,
- Toxicity-Antihistamine,
- Toxicity-Arsenic,
- Toxicity-Barbiturate,
- Toxicity-Carbon Monoxide,
- Toxicity-Caustic Ingestions,
- Toxicity-Chlorine Gas,
- Toxicity-Cocaine,
- Toxicity-Cyanide,
- Toxicity-Cyclic Antidepressants,
- Toxicity-Digitalis,
- Toxicity-Ethylene Glycol,
- Toxicity-Hallucinogen,
- Toxicity-Heavy Metals,
- Toxicity-Hydrocarbon Insecticides,
- Toxicity-Hydrocarbons,
- Toxicity-Lead.
- Toxicity-Lithium,
- Toxicity-Local Anesthetics,
- Toxicity-MDMA,
- Toxicity-Medication-Induced Dystonic Reactions,
- Toxicity-Mercury,
- Toxicity-Methamphetamine,
- Toxicity-Mushroom - Amatoxin,
- Toxicity-Mushroom - Hallucinogens,
- Toxicity-Narcotics,
- Toxicity-Nitrous Dioxide,
- Toxicity-Sedative-Hypnotics,
- Toxicity-Shellfish,
- Toxicity-Thallium,
- Toxicity-Thyroid Hormone, Withdrawal Syndromes,
- CBRNE - Anthrax Infection,
- CBRNE - Arsenicals, Arsine,
- CBRNE - Biological Warfare Agents
- CBRNE - Botulism,
- CBRNE - Brucellosis,
- CBRNE - Chemical Decontamination
Assignments – Week 11
Harrison - Part 18 - all chapters [472e – 475];
Part 19 - all chapters [476e – 480e]
SIMPLE - Case 25: 75-year-old hospitalized woman with confusion - Mrs. Kohn
SIMPLE - Case 26: 58-year-old man with altered mental status - Mr. Johnson
Students kindly ensure that Comprehensive Examination has been scheduled
Week Twelve:
Trauma and Orthopedics:
- Abdominal Trauma-Blunt,
- Abdominal Trauma-Penetrating,
- Ankle,
- Soft-tissue Injures,
- Back Pain-Mechanical,
- Blast Injuries,
- Bursitis,
- Carpal Tunnel Syndrome,
- Cervical Strain,
- Diaphragmatic Injuries,
- Dislocations-Ankle, Elbow, Foot, Hand, Hip, Knee, Shoulder, and Wrist.
- Epidural Hematoma,
- Fingertip Injuries,
- Fractures- Ankle, Cervical Spine, Clavicle, Elbow, Face, Femur, Foot, Hand, Hip, Knee, Pelvic, Rib, Tibia, Fibula, and Wrist.
- Gamekeeper Thumb,
- Hand Injuries - High-pressure,
- Hand Injuries - Soft-tissue,
- Hanging Injuries and Strangulation,
- Knee,
- Soft-tissue Injuries,
- Lumbar (Intervertebral) Disk Disorders,
- Nail bed Injuries,
- Neck Trauma,
- Osgood-Schlatter Disease
- Peripheral Vascular Injuries,
- Plantar Fasciitis,
- Pneumothorax,
- Tension and Traumatic,
- Rotator Cuff Injuries,
- Shock-Hemorrhagic,
- Sternoclavicular Joint Injury,
- Subdural Hematoma,
- Toe nails-Ingrown,
- Trauma-Lower Genitourinary,
- Trauma-Peripheral Vascular Injuries
Assignments – Week 12
Harrison - Part 12 – all chapters [321 – 331]
SIMPLE - Case 27: 65-year-old man with back pain - Mr. Strout
SIMPLE - Case 31: 40-year-old man with knee pain - Mr. Nelson
SIMPLE - Case 34: 55-year-old man with acute low back pain - Mr. Farber
7. LEARNING RESOURCES:
REQUIRED READING
1. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine Handbook - Ed. Eisselbacher McGraw-Hill (Available on Access Medicine)
OR
Harrison's Manual of Medicine, 18e. Dan L. Longo, Anthony S. Fauci, Dennis L. Kasper, Stephen L. Hauser, J. Larry Jameson, Joseph Loscalzo (Available on Access Medicine)
2. SIMPLE - Cases are accessed through MedU
SUPPLEMENTAL OR ALTERNATIVE READING
3. Davidson’s Principle in the Practice of Medicine - Churchill and Livingston
4. Clinical Medicine - Ed. P.J. Kumar and M.L. Clark
5. Medicine - 4th edition - ISBN#0-397-51464-6 - Ed. Fishman, Hoffman, Klausner, Thaler. Lippincott-Raven
6. A Practical Guide to the Care of the Medical Patient - Ed. Ferri Mosbey Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2016 Maxine A. Papadakis, Stephen J. McPhee, Michael W. Rabow (Available on Access Medicine)
7. Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine NMS Medicine
8. Scientific American Medicine - Ed. Rubinstein and Federman
9. Heart Disease - Ed. Braunwald. Saunders